Trump sees opportunity in Venezuela's humanitarian crisis as midterms approach
- Written by Marco Aponte-Moreno, Assistant Professor of Global Business, St Mary's College of California
President Donald Trump has spoken forcefully about the humanitarian crisis in Venezuela, calling it a “human tragedy” at the United Nations General Assembly[1] in September.
Venezuela’s humanitarian crisis[2] – which began in late 2014, when a drop in oil prices deprived the government of its primary income source – has worsened to previously unimaginable levels. People are now dying from shortages of food and medicine[3].
Noting that 2 million Venezuelan refugees have escaped “the anguish inflicted by the socialist Maduro regime,” Trump asked world leaders[4] to join forces and “seek the restoration of democracy in Venezuela.”
Vice President Mike Pence, who visited Latin America in June[5], described the situation in Venezuela as “heart breaking[6].”
This sounds like strong support for my ailing native country. My academic research on political rhetoric[7], however, has taught me that politicians’ words often deceive.
Close analysis of Trump’s Venezuela policy shows that his administration is doing much less than it could to ease Venezuelans’ suffering. But that hasn’t stopped the president from using the country’s crisis for Republicans’ political gain ahead of November’s midterm elections[8].
Sanctions that don’t work
Venezuela was once Latin America’s richest nation. Now inflation may reach 1 million percent[9] and a recent poll[10] found that 30 percent of Venezuelans eat only once a day.
To pressure Venezuelan president Nicolás Maduro to “restore democratic order[11],” the U.S. in September imposed sactions[12] on his wife, the country’s defense minister and the head of its Constituent Assembly[13], an all-powerful body created in 2017 to supersede the opposition-led legislature.
This is the fourth round of sanctions on Venezuelan leadership since Trump took office in 2017.
President Barack Obama also targeted Maduro’s regime[14], passing sanctions in 2015 and declaring Venezuela a threat to U.S. national security.
President Maduro’s wife, Celia Flores (right), is among the Venezuelans targeted in the latest round of economic sanctions.
Miraflores Press Office via AP[15]
Latin America’s crisis
Despite repeated sanctions, the authoritarian Maduro regime remains firmly in power.
As conditions in Venezuela worsen, a massive and growing number of people[16] are fleeing to neighboring nations. The UN High Commission on Refugees estimates[17] that 5,000 people leave every day.
The Venezuelan exodus “is on the scale of Syria[18],” said Matthew Raynolds, of the United Nations refugee agency.
The influx of migrants is straining resources[19] in Brazil and Colombia, where border cities have seen flare-ups of xenophobia and violent attacks on refugees.
The U.S. says it will allocate an additional US$48 million[20] in humanitarian aid to fund U.S. agencies[21] that are providing disaster and food relief to Venezuelan migrants in Latin America.
Combined with the $46.8 million[22] already earmarked as humanitarian aid for Venezuelan refugees this fiscal year, U.S. foreign aid for the South American nation totals $94.8 million – up from $14 million in 2017.
But even with that big boost, foreign assistance for Venezuela is just a fraction of the $475 million[23] given last year to Colombia and only slightly higher than the Latin American regional average of $62 million in annual aid[24].
Venezuelan refugees from the indigenous Warao people prepare meals at a shelter in Pacaraima, Brazil, the main entry point for Venezuelans.
AP Photo/Eraldo Peres[25]
Closed borders
Despite Trump’s statements of sympathy for Venezuelan refugees, they are not exempt from the his administration’s immigration crackdown[26].
Nearly 260 Venezuelans were deported from the U.S. in the first half of 2018 alone, up from 248 deportations in all 2017 and 182 in 2016[27].
And though Vice President Pence’s recognized that “violence and tyranny” rule the country, Venezuelans are routinely denied political asylum[28]. Over the past five years, immigration judges have denied nearly 50 percent of all Venezuelan asylum applications.
Venezuelans now represent the biggest group of asylum-seekers[29] in the U.S., surpassing Central Americans[30] in 2016. Last year Venezuelan refugees filed 27,629 asylum claims, more than 10 times the 2,181 petitions made in 2014.
Immigration attorneys in Miami say the U.S. Consulate there has also been revoking tourist visas from Venezuelans[31], and the federal government has drastically reduced the number of non-immigrant visas issued to Venezuelans, from 239,772 in 2015 to 47,942 last year.
In Florida, home to the United States’ largest Venezuelan community, politicians from both parties – including Sens. Bill Nelson and Marco Rubio[32] – say they would support giving Temporary Protective Status to Venezuelans. That policy would allow migrants to remain legally in the U.S. until Venezuela stabilizes.
Previous administrations have granted TPS to Nicaraguans[33], Hondurans[34] and Sudanese[35] during similar times of crisis.
But the Trump administration, which is in a court fight[36] over its termination of TPS for most immigrant groups, says Venezuelans do not qualify[37] for protected status.
The military option
Trump seems more interested in military action in Venezuela.
Administration officials met secretly with dissidents from Venezuela’s armed forces over the last year to discuss plans to overthrow Maduro, according to a New York Times story[38].
Ultimately, the U.S. declined to participate in a coup. But Maduro’s regime “could be toppled very quickly[39] by the military,” Trump has said, evidently referring to the Venezuelan armed forces.
Navy Vice Adm. Craig Faller[40], nominated to lead the U.S. military’s Southern Command, recently told a Senate panel that he was unaware of any plan for military action in Venezuela.
“We are not doing anything other than normal prudent planning … to prepare for a range of contingencies,” he said.
A Venezuelan migrant gets a haircut in Bogota, Colombia, where the mayor’s office is aiding Venezuelan refugees with vaccinations, medical attention and other services.
AP Photo/Fernando Vergara[41]
The lack of serious American efforts to address Venezuela’s migration crisis has left Latin American governments[42] alone in dealing with this historic migration crisis.
Eleven nations in the region, including refugee-saturated Brazil and Colombia, recently agreed to accept more Venezuelans[43], including those whose documents have expired. Many Venezuelans cannot obtain a passport or renew their national identity cards because of the Maduro regime’s slow, dysfunctional and corrupt bureaucracy[44].
‘They want to turn American into Venezuela!’
The White House’s failure to act on Venezuela has not stopped Trump from using its crisis for electoral gain in November’s midterm elections.
“The new Democrats are radical socialists who want to model America’s economy after Venezuela,” Trump wrote in an Oct. 10 USA Today op-ed[45].
And at an event to in Tennessee[46] earlier this month, Trump insisted that Democrats “want to shut down American energy and replace freedom with socialism.”
They “want to turn America into Venezuela!” he yelled.
Bellicose rhetoric against Maduro’s regime coupled with expressions of compassion for its victims may play well with Trump’s base.
But it will not help those living through the worst humanitarian crisis the Americas have ever seen.
References
- ^ United Nations General Assembly (www.cnbc.com)
- ^ humanitarian crisis (theconversation.com)
- ^ shortages of food and medicine (www.washingtonpost.com)
- ^ asked world leaders (www.france24.com)
- ^ visited Latin America in June (www.wsj.com)
- ^ heart breaking (www.whitehouse.gov)
- ^ My academic research on political rhetoric (elies.rediris.es)
- ^ political gain ahead of November’s midterm elections (www.knoxnews.com)
- ^ 1 million percent (www.businessinsider.com)
- ^ poll (www.miamiherald.com)
- ^ restore democratic order (www.state.gov)
- ^ imposed sactions (www.reuters.com)
- ^ Constituent Assembly (theconversation.com)
- ^ targeted Maduro’s regime (www.treasury.gov)
- ^ Miraflores Press Office via AP (www.apimages.com)
- ^ massive and growing number of people (www.washingtonpost.com)
- ^ estimates (www.theguardian.com)
- ^ is on the scale of Syria (www.devex.com)
- ^ resources (theconversation.com)
- ^ additional US$48 million (www.nbc26.com)
- ^ fund U.S. agencies (www.usaid.gov)
- ^ $46.8 million (www.usaid.gov)
- ^ $475 million (explorer.usaid.gov)
- ^ regional average of $62 million in annual aid (explorer.usaid.gov)
- ^ AP Photo/Eraldo Peres (www.apimages.com)
- ^ immigration crackdown (www.apnews.com)
- ^ 248 deportations in all 2017 and 182 in 2016 (www.miamiherald.com)
- ^ political asylum (www.mcclatchydc.com)
- ^ biggest group of asylum-seekers (www.uscis.gov)
- ^ surpassing Central Americans (theconversation.com)
- ^ revoking tourist visas from Venezuelans (www.nbcnews.com)
- ^ Bill Nelson and Marco Rubio (www.miamiherald.com)
- ^ Nicaraguans (cis.org)
- ^ Hondurans (www.vox.com)
- ^ Sudanese (www.cnn.com)
- ^ court fight (thehill.com)
- ^ do not qualify (www.mcclatchydc.com)
- ^ New York Times story (www.nytimes.com)
- ^ toppled very quickly (www.theguardian.com)
- ^ Navy Vice Adm. Craig Faller (www.reuters.com)
- ^ AP Photo/Fernando Vergara (www.apimages.com)
- ^ Latin American governments (theconversation.com)
- ^ accept more Venezuelans (www.bbc.com)
- ^ slow, dysfunctional and corrupt bureaucracy (www.bbc.com)
- ^ USA Today op-ed (www.usatoday.com)
- ^ in Tennessee (www.knoxnews.com)
Authors: Marco Aponte-Moreno, Assistant Professor of Global Business, St Mary's College of California
