Social media and political violence – how to break the cycle

While being evacuated by the Secret Service, Donald Trump paused and held up a clenched fist to the crowd. Rebecca Droke/AFP via Getty Images^[12]

When bullets and conspiracies fly

As a security and internet researcher^[13] it was entirely predictable to me that within minutes of the attack, right-wing social media exploded^[14] with instant-reaction narratives that assigned blame to political rivals, the media, or implied that a sinister “inside job” by the federal government was behind the incident.

But it wasn’t just average internet users or prominent business magnates^[15] fanning these flames. Several Republicans issued such statements^[16] from their official social media accounts. For instance, less than an hour after the attack, Georgia Congressman Mike Collins accused President Joe Biden^[17] of “inciting an assassination” and said Biden “sent the orders^[18].” Ohio Senator J.D. Vance, now Trump’s nominee for vice president^[19], also implied that Biden was responsible^[20] for the attack.

The bloodied former president stood up and delayed his Secret Service evacuation^[21] for a fist-pumping photo^[22] before leaving the rally, and his campaign issued a defiant fundraising email^[23] later that evening. This led some Trump critics to suggest^[24] the incident was a “false flag^[25]” attack staged to earn a sympathetic national spotlight. Others claimed the incident fits into Trump’s ongoing messaging^[26] to supporters that he’s the victim of persecution.

From a historical perspective, it’s worth noting former Brazil right-wing President Jair Bolsonaro survived an assassination attempt^[27] in 2018 to become the country’s next president in 2019.

Bad information can race around the world faster than the truth can catch up with it. Richard Drury/Digital Vision via Getty Images^[28]

It’s long been known that internet narratives, memes and content can spread around the world^[29] like wildfire well before the actual truth becomes known. Unfortunately, those narratives, whether factual or fictional, can get picked up – and thus given a degree of perceived legitimacy and further disseminated – by traditional news organizations.

Many who see such messages, amplified by both social media and traditional news services, often believe them^[30] – and some may respond with political violence^[31] or terrorism.

Can anything help?

Several threads of research show that there are some ways regular people can help break this dangerous cycle.

In the immediate aftermath of breaking news, it’s important to remember that first reports often are wrong, incomplete or inaccurate^[32]. Rather than rushing to repost things during rapidly developing news events, it’s best to avoid retweeting, reposting or otherwise amplifying online content^[33] right away. When information has been confirmed by multiple credible sources, ideally across the political spectrum, then it’s likely safe enough to believe and share.

It can be hard to figure out what’s right amid so much competing information. mikkelwilliam/E+ via Getty Images^[34]

In the longer term, as a nation and a society, it will be useful to further understand how technology and human tendencies interact. Teaching schoolchildren more about media literacy^[35] and critical thinking^[36] can help prepare future citizens to separate fact from fiction in a complex world filled with competing information.

Another potential approach is to expand civics and history lessons^[37] in school classrooms, to give students the ability to learn from the past^[38] and – we can all hope – not repeat its mistakes.

Social media companies are part of the potential solution, too. In recent years, they have disbanded teams^[39] meant to monitor content and boost users’ trust in the information available on their platforms. Recent Supreme Court rulings^[40] make clear that these companies are free to actively police their platforms for disinformation, misinformation and conspiracy theories if they wish. But companies and purported “free speech absolutists^[41]” including X owner Elon Musk, who refuse to remove controversial, though technically legal, internet content from their platforms may well endanger public safety.

Traditional media organizations bear responsibility for objectively informing the public without giving voice to unverified conspiracy theories or misinformation. Ideally, qualified guests invited to news programs will add useful facts and informed opinion to the public discourse instead of speculation. And serious news hosts will avoid the rhetorical technique of “just asking questions^[42]” or engaging in “bothsiderism^[43]” as ways to move fringe theories – often from the internet – into the news cycle, where they gain traction and amplification.

The public has a role, too.

Responsible citizens could focus on electing officials and supporting political parties that refuse to embrace conspiracy theories and personal attacks as normal strategies. Voters could make clear that they will reward politicians who focus on policy accomplishments, not their media imagery and social media follower counts.

That could, over time, deliver the message that the spectacle of modern internet political narratives generally serve no useful purpose beyond sowing social discord and degrading the ability of government to function – and potentially leading to political violence and terrorism.

Understandably, these are not instant remedies. Many of these efforts will take time – potentially even years – and money and courage to accomplish.

Until then, maybe Americans can revisit the golden rule – doing onto others what we would have them do unto us. Emphasizing facts in the news cycle, integrity in the public square, and media literacy in our schools seem like good places to start as well.

Authors: Richard Forno, Principal Lecturer in Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County

Read more https://theconversation.com/social-media-and-political-violence-how-to-break-the-cycle-234631

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