18 huge, billion-dollar disasters: Climate change helped make 2022 the 3rd most expensive year on record

2022 had 18 disasters that exceeded $1 billion each in damage. NCEI/NOAA^[5]

It was also the third-costliest year^[6], compared to past years adjusted for inflation, due primarily to Hurricane Ian’s widespread damage in Florida. Together, the 2022 disasters topped $165 billion, not counting the damage still being tallied from December’s winter storms.

Several scientists wrote about the year’s weather disasters and connections to climate change. Here are three essential reads from The Conversation’s archive:

1. Hurricane Ian

The most expensive U.S. weather disaster of 2022 was Hurricane Ian, which grew into a monster of a storm over the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico in late September.

Ian hit the barriers islands off Fort Myers, Florida, with 150-mph sustained winds, tying for the fifth-strongest wind speed at U.S. landfall on record. Its storm surge swept through coastal neighborhoods, where the population has boomed^[7] in recent years, and its rainfall deluged a large swath of the state. Twenty inches of rain fell in Daytona Beach, triggering erosion with devastating consequences^[8].

At least 144 deaths^[9] were attributed to the storm in Florida alone, and the total damage neared $113 billion.

Hurricane Ian’s wind and storm surge tore up homes and roads on the Gulf Coast. Win McNamee/Getty Images^[10]

Did global warming play a role^[11]?

In some ways, yes, but there are still a lot of unknowns when it comes to hurricanes, explained climate scientists Matthew Barlow of UMass-Lowell^[12] and Suzana Camargo of Columbia University^[13].

For example, “it is clear that climate change increases the upper limit on hurricane strength and rain rate, and that it also raises the average sea level and therefore storm surge,” Barlow and Camargo wrote.

Less clear is global warming’s influence on hurricane frequency, though research points to an uptick in the strength of storms that do form. “We expect more of them to be major storms,” Barlow and Camargo wrote. “Hurricane Ian and other recent storms, including the 2020 Atlantic season, provide a picture of what that can look like.”

Read more: Hurricane Ian capped 2 weeks of extreme storms around the globe: Here's what's known about how climate change fuels tropical cyclones^[14]

2. The drought

The second-costliest disaster, at over $22 billion, was the widespread drought across much of the U.S. West and parts of the Midwest. It left reservoirs near record lows^[15], disrupted farming in several states and temporarily shut down barge traffic on the Mississippi River^[16].

At one point, 2,000 barges were backed up along the river, where 92% of U.S. agriculture exports travel.

The Mississippi River drought in October 2022.

Rivers the size of the Mississippi can be slow to respond to droughts, but during the flash drought of 2022, the river fell 20 feet in less than three months – even though its major tributaries were flowing at normal levels, wrote earth scientists Ray Lombardi^[17], Angela Antipova^[18] and Dorian Burnette^[19] of the University of Memphis.

They described the dramatic drop in the river’s water levels as a “preview of a climate-altered future^[20].”

“Warmer atmospheric temperatures have the potential to evaporate more water, causing drought, and to hold more water, causing extreme rainfall,” the scientists wrote. “Over the past 100 years, year-to-year changes from very dry to very wet in the Mississippi River Valley have become more frequent. We expect this trend to continue as global temperatures continue to rise because of climate change.”

Read more: Record low water levels on the Mississippi River in 2022 show how climate change is altering large rivers^[21]

3. Extreme storms and flooding

Flash flooding swept through mountain valleys in eastern Kentucky in July 2022, killing more than three dozen people. It was one of several destructive flash floods. Seth Herald/AFP via Getty Images^[22]

Many of 2022’s billion-dollar disasters involved extreme storms, including hail, tornadoes, and a derecho that damaged power lines from Wisconsin to West Virginia.

It was also a summer of flooding^[23], beginning with rain falling on snow that turned the Yellowstone River^[24] into a record-shattering torrent. St. Louis, Dallas, eastern Kentucky, southern Illinois and Death Valley were all hit with 1,000-year floods. Storms in the South knocked out Jackson, Mississippi’s fragile water supply^[25] for weeks.

Climate models have consistently shown that extreme rainfall events will become more common^[26] as the climate warms, wrote University of Dayton climate scientist Shuang-Ye Wu^[27].

Some of that is basic physics – warmer air increases the amount of moisture that the atmosphere can hold by about 7% per degree Celsius. Increased humidity can enhance latent heat in storms, increasing their intensity and leading to heavier rainfall, Wu explained.

Even though humans are becoming more adept at managing climate risks, research published in 2022^[28] found that extreme flooding and droughts are still getting deadlier and more expensive, and the costs are likely to continue to rise.

“This past summer might just provide a glimpse of our near future as these extreme climate events become more frequent,” Wu wrote. “To say this is the new ‘normal,’ though, is misleading. It suggests that we have reached a new stable state, and that is far from the truth.”

Read more: Looking back on America’s summer of heat, floods and climate change: Welcome to the new abnormal^[29]

This is a roundup of articles from The Conversation’s archives.

Authors: Stacy Morford, Environment + Climate Editor

Read more https://theconversation.com/18-huge-billion-dollar-disasters-climate-change-helped-make-2022-the-3rd-most-expensive-year-on-record-197524

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