In states where abortion is banned, children and families already face an uphill battle
- Written by Naomi Cahn, Professor of Law, University of Virginia
Some proponents of abortion bans and restrictions say they are concerned about “supporting not just life,” but what they call “quality of life worth living[1],” saying they want to promote laws and policies that help families[2]. Three authors from Brigham Young University, for instance, have noted that the overturning of Roe v. Wade provides a “genuine opportunity for pro-lifers to work with people of diverse political persuasions[3] to seek a more just and compassionate world. This world would be not only pro-life, but also pro-child, pro-parent and pro-family.”
U.S. Sen. Mitt Romney of Utah is one of three Republicans in the Senate who have sponsored a bill called the Family Security Act[4], billed as a “pro-family, pro-life and pro-marriage plan” that would provide a monthly cash benefit starting at pregnancy and continuing through the child turning 17.
But so far, these are minority voices[5] in the anti-abortion movement.
As a law professor who studies reproductive care[6], policies that affect families and political partisanship, I have been following the relationship between abortion restrictions and family well-being[7] for decades. It turns out that states taking the strictest stands against abortion tend to have among the worst statistics[8] on child and family well-being in the nation.
Unintended pregnancy and infant mortality
Take Mississippi, the state that enacted the abortion restriction law that was at the center of the Supreme Court’s June 2022 opinion in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization[9], which struck down federal protection for the right to get an abortion.
In 2019, Mississippi had the highest rate of unintended pregnancy[10], defined as the percentage of women who recently gave birth but whose pregnancies were either unwanted or happened at an unwanted time[11]. In Mississippi, 47% of women who recently had a child did not want to become pregnant or wanted to become pregnant later in life.
By contrast, Vermont had the nation’s lowest rate of unintended pregnancy in 2019, with just 20% of women who recently had a child[12] saying they would have preferred not to get pregnant or wanted to do so at some point in the future. That state already protects abortion rights. If Vermont’s upcoming referendum on abortion[13] passes, the state’s constitution will protect “an individual’s right to personal reproductive autonomy[14].”
Mississippi also has the highest infant mortality rate[15] in the country. Five of the other nine states with the highest infant mortality also have abortion bans[16]. At the other end of the spectrum, of the 10 states with the lowest infant mortality rates, only one – Iowa[17] – has a law restricting abortions, although a court has prevented its enforcement[18].
Childhood poverty and teen birth rates
Mississippi has the highest rate of child poverty in the country[19]. Six of the other 10 states with the country’s highest child poverty levels also have abortion bans in effect[20]: Louisiana, Arkansas, Kentucky, Alabama, Oklahoma and Tennessee.
Mississippi also had the highest teen birth rate in the country[21], and eight of the other nine states with the highest teen birth rates also ban abortions or have a ban blocked[22].
In all 10 states with the lowest teen birth rates, abortion is legal[23] and likely to be protected for the foreseeable future.
Supporting families
The well-being of children also depends on the availability of support for their parents.
For instance, 11 states plus the District of Columbia legally require employers[25] to offer workers paid time off after the birth or adoption of a child. None of those jurisdictions bans abortions[26].
Another federal effort to support families came in the Affordable Care Act, enacted in 2010, with sweeping changes[27] to the nation’s health insurance marketplace. One provision allowed states to expand Medicaid eligibility[28] to more adults, with financial support from the federal government. If Medicaid were expanded, reproductive-aged women[29] would be among the groups to experience the largest coverage gains.
As of August 2022, 12 states[30] had not adopted the expansion: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Wisconsin and Wyoming. Eight of those states[31] have either a full ban on abortion or a ban after six weeks – before many people realize they are pregnant.
Two of those states, South Carolina and Wyoming[32], have abortion laws that are tied up in the courts[33], and Florida bans abortions after 15 weeks.
In a June 2022 Brookings Institution study[34] of the states that are considered most child-friendly – measured by state expenditures per child and children’s overall well-being – the authors found that among the top 10, only Wyoming was even trying to ban abortion[35]. For the 10 states Brookings rated least child-friendly, nine either had a trigger ban or other abortion restriction.
The overall pattern is clear: A strong social safety net and other anti-poverty programs are more likely to be available[36] in states that also support abortion access, while actual measures of child and family well-being are often worse in states that restrict abortions.
References
- ^ quality of life worth living (missouriindependent.com)
- ^ promote laws and policies that help families (www.theatlantic.com)
- ^ genuine opportunity for pro-lifers to work with people of diverse political persuasions (www.thepublicdiscourse.com)
- ^ Family Security Act (www.romney.senate.gov)
- ^ minority voices (www.theatlantic.com)
- ^ studies reproductive care (scholar.google.com)
- ^ abortion restrictions and family well-being (www.urban.org)
- ^ worst statistics (www.nytimes.com)
- ^ Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization (www.supremecourt.gov)
- ^ highest rate of unintended pregnancy (www.americashealthrankings.org)
- ^ unwanted or happened at an unwanted time (www.cdc.gov)
- ^ just 20% of women who recently had a child (www.americashealthrankings.org)
- ^ upcoming referendum on abortion (www.wcax.com)
- ^ an individual’s right to personal reproductive autonomy (legislature.vermont.gov)
- ^ highest infant mortality rate (www.cdc.gov)
- ^ also have abortion bans (www.nytimes.com)
- ^ only one – Iowa (www.cdc.gov)
- ^ although a court has prevented its enforcement (www.kcci.com)
- ^ highest rate of child poverty in the country (www.census.gov)
- ^ abortion bans in effect (www.nytimes.com)
- ^ highest teen birth rate in the country (www.cdc.gov)
- ^ ban abortions or have a ban blocked (www.nytimes.com)
- ^ abortion is legal (www.washingtonpost.com)
- ^ Vincent D. Johnson/Xinhua via Getty Images) (www.gettyimages.com)
- ^ 11 states plus the District of Columbia legally require employers (www.ncsl.org)
- ^ bans abortions (www.washingtonpost.com)
- ^ sweeping changes (www.healthcare.gov)
- ^ expand Medicaid eligibility (www.healthcare.gov)
- ^ reproductive-aged women (www.urban.org)
- ^ 12 states (www.urban.org)
- ^ Eight of those states (www.nytimes.com)
- ^ South Carolina and Wyoming (www.nytimes.com)
- ^ laws that are tied up in the courts (www.npr.org)
- ^ Brookings Institution study (www.brookings.edu)
- ^ even trying to ban abortion (www.nytimes.com)
- ^ are more likely to be available (www.nytimes.com)
Authors: Naomi Cahn, Professor of Law, University of Virginia
