People think they should talk less to be liked, but new research suggests you should speak up in conversations with strangers
- Written by Quinn Hirschi, Principal Researcher at the Center for Decision Research, University of Chicago
The Research Brief[1] is a short take about interesting academic work.
The big idea
In conversations with strangers, people tend to think they should speak less than half the time to be likable but more than half the time to be interesting, according to new research my colleagues Tim Wilson[2], Dan Gilbert[3] and I[4] conducted. But we’ve also discovered this intuition is wrong. Our paper[5], recently published in the journal Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, sheds light on the prevalence of these beliefs and how they are mistaken in two ways.
First, we found that people tend to think they should speak about 45% of the time to be likable in a one-on-one conversation with someone new. However, it appears speaking up a bit more is actually a better strategy.
In our study, we randomly assigned people to speak for 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% or 70% of the time in a conversation with someone new. We found that the more participants spoke, the more they were liked by their new conversation partners. We call the mistaken belief that being quieter makes you more likable a “reticence bias.”
This was only one study with 116 participants, but the outcome aligns with other researchers’[6] prior findings. For example, a previous study[7] randomly assigned one participant in a pair to take on the role of “speaker” and the other to take on the role of “listener.” After engaging in 12-minute interactions, listeners liked speakers more than speakers liked listeners because listeners felt more similar to speakers than speakers did to listeners. This outcome suggests one reason people prefer those who speak up: Learning more about a new conversation partner can make you feel like you have more in common with them.
The second mistake we found people make is failing to recognize that their new conversation partners will form global impressions of them that are not extremely nuanced. In other words, people are unlikely to walk away from a chat with someone new thinking that their interaction partner was quite interesting but not very likable. Rather, they are likely to form a global impression – for example, a generally positive impression, in which they view their partner as both interesting and likable.
For these reasons, our new research suggests that, all else being equal, you should speak up more than you typically might in conversations with new people in order to make a good first impression.
Why it matters
Many people want to know how to make a good first impression, as evidenced by the enduring popularity of related self-help books[9].
But because such books are not always based on empirical evidence, they can lead people astray with unfounded claims such as this advice from “How to Win Friends and Influence People[10]”: “Remember that the people you are talking to are a hundred times more interested in themselves … than they are in you.”
Research like ours can help people gain a more scientifically grounded understanding of social interactions with new people and ultimately become more confident and knowledgeable about how to make a good first impression.
What still isn’t known
In our research, participants were instructed to speak for a certain amount of time in their conversations. This approach has the obvious benefit of allowing us to carefully manipulate speaking time. One limitation, though, is that it does not reflect more natural conversations in which people choose how long to talk versus listen. Future research should investigate whether our findings generalize to more natural interactions.
Further, we assigned people to speak for only up to 70% of the time. It’s possible, and even likely, that completely dominating a conversation – such as by speaking 90% of the time – is not an optimal strategy. Our research does not suggest people should steamroll a conversational partner but rather that they should feel comfortable speaking up more than they typically might.
References
- ^ Research Brief (theconversation.com)
- ^ Tim Wilson (scholar.google.com)
- ^ Dan Gilbert (scholar.google.com)
- ^ and I (scholar.google.com)
- ^ Our paper (doi.org)
- ^ other researchers’ (scholar.google.com)
- ^ a previous study (doi.org)
- ^ Antonio_Diaz/iStock via Getty Images Plus (www.gettyimages.com)
- ^ popularity of related self-help books (www.nytimes.com)
- ^ How to Win Friends and Influence People (www.penguin.co.uk)
Authors: Quinn Hirschi, Principal Researcher at the Center for Decision Research, University of Chicago
