How a Native American coming-of-age ritual is making a comeback

The Ojibwe, one of the largest indigenous groups in North America, with communities from Quebec to Montana, are revitalizing the “berry fast^[1],” a coming-of-age ritual for girls.

Ojibwe women historically conducted a ritual^[2] for their girls when they started their first menstruation, part of which included fasting from eating strawberry, or heart berry, known as Ode’imin, for an entire year. This was also a time to learn valuable wisdom from women elders.

A time for growth

As a scholar^[3] of the environment and indigenous peoples, I have studied how Native Americans find religious meaning in the natural world. Indigenous people often view menstruation^[4] as a time when girls and women are spiritually powerful.

It is also believed to be a time when young women can have visions. Such stories are often told by the elders within the Ojibwe community. In one such story, a girl born in 1830^[5] had a vision of a great bear. The story goes that as the bear walked toward the girl “it got smaller in size, and when it was right beside her, she suddenly became the bear. She felt wonderful – powerful and strong.”

She became known as “Bear Woman.” It is said that she had a long life and overcame many challenges with “a strong heart and the courage of a bear.”

Historically, women built a small wooden house for a girl to live in seclusion^[6] during her menstruation each month. It would serve as a place for personal reflection as well as a space for learning from elders.

Today, Ojibwe girls do not live in a separate house during menstruation, but instead seclude themselves from family and community interactions. For the Ojibwe and other indigenous people, seclusion was seen as a special time without chores, when the girl worked on personal growth and learned from elders.

At the end of the year a feast^[7] is held for the whole community to celebrate the girl’s transition. At the feast the girl receives gifts from her community, and in turn she gives gifts. Strawberries and other berries are served to the young woman to eat as she ends her “berry fast.”

Power of womanhood

Many Ojibwe women discontinued this ritual when most of their religious and cultural practices were made illegal^[8] by the U.S. and Canadian governments in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

But the knowledge was not lost.

Today, many Ojibwe communities are reawakening^[9] such female-centered cultural practices.

As one Ojibwe cultural leader recently told me, after a berry fast, the young woman is looked up to as a “leader” by her peers. It is “a beautiful and intentional year-long consideration of the power of womanhood,” she said.

[You’re smart and curious about the world. So are The Conversation’s authors and editors. You can get our highlights each weekend^[10].]

References

1. ^{^} berry fast (jps.library.utoronto.ca)
2. ^{^} conducted a ritual (www.mnhs.org)
3. ^{^} scholar (www.rosalynlapier.com)
4. ^{^} menstruation (www.nebraskapress.unl.edu)
5. ^{^} girl born in 1830 (www.penguinrandomhouse.com)
6. ^{^} live in seclusion (uofmpress.ca)
7. ^{^} a feast (www.nebraskapress.unl.edu)
8. ^{^} illegal (global.oup.com)
9. ^{^} reawakening (rewire.news)
10. ^{^} You can get our highlights each weekend (theconversation.com)