Uncertainty at NASA − Trump withdraws his nominee for administrator while the agency faces a steep proposed budget cut
- Written by Wendy Whitman Cobb, Professor of Strategy and Security Studies, Air University
Over the past several days, NASA’s ambitious space exploration plans have experienced major setbacks. First, on May 30, 2025, newly released budget documents revealed the extent of the significant budget[1] and personnel cuts proposed by the Trump administration. Then, just a day later, President Donald Trump withdrew the nomination of Jared Isaacman[2] to be NASA administrator[3] just days before an expected confirmation vote.
From my perspective as a space policy expert[4], these events signal problems ahead for a space agency that now faces stiff competition in space exploration[5] from the commercial sector. Without a leader and facing a fight over its budget, NASA faces an uncertain future, both in the months ahead and longer term.
Budget problems
When the Trump administration released a preview of its budget proposal[6] in early May, it was clear that NASA was facing significant cuts.
After receiving US$24.9 billion for 2025, the president’s proposal would allot NASA $18.8 billion in 2026. After accounting for inflation, this amount would represent NASA’s smallest budget[7] since 1961.
Space science programs are one of the largest targets[8] of the proposed budget cuts, seeing an almost 50% reduction, to just $3.9 billion. Specific programs targeted for elimination include the Mars Sample Return[9] mission, the currently operating Mars Odyssey[10] and MAVEN[11] missions around Mars, and several missions to Venus[12].
Several ongoing and proposed astrophysics programs[13], including the Chandra X-Ray Observatory, would also end if the proposed budget passes.
NASA’s human spaceflight programs also face potential cuts. The budget proposes[14] canceling the Space Launch System[15], the Orion crew vehicle[16] and the Lunar Gateway[17] following the Artemis III mission.
Artemis III[18], planned for 2027, would be the first crewed flight back to the lunar surface since 1972. The mission would use the Space Launch System rocket and Orion crew vehicle to get there. The proposed Lunar Gateway[19], a mini-space station in lunar orbit, would be abandoned entirely.
Instead, the budget proposes[20] to establish a Commercial Moon to Mars program. Under this initiative, NASA would utilize commercial systems such as Blue Origin’s New Glenn[21] and SpaceX’s Starship[22] to put Americans[23] on the Moon and Mars.
A smaller budget also means a smaller NASA workforce. The budget proposal suggests[25] that the number of NASA employees would be reduced by one-third, from more than 17,000 to 11,853.
Advocates for space science and exploration have criticized the cuts[26]. The Planetary Society has stated that these cuts to space science represent an “extinction level event[27]” that would all but end NASA’s ability to perform meaningful science.
Democrats in Congress were also quick to push back[28] on the proposed cuts, arguing that they would hamper the U.S.’s ability to carry out its missions.
The budget documents released so far are just proposals. Congress must make the final decisions on how much money NASA gets and which programs are funded. While this might be good news for NASA funding, my research[29] has shown that Congress rarely appropriates more money for NASA than the president requests.
Leadership challenges
The release of the president’s proposed budget was followed with the news that the president would withdraw his nomination[30] of Jared Isaacman to be NASA’s administrator.
In a Truth Social post[32], Trump wrote, “After a thorough review of prior associations, I am hereby withdrawing the nomination of Jared Isaacman to head NASA. I will soon announce a new Nominee who will be Mission aligned, and put America First in Space.”
Like the budget proposal, news of Isaacman’s withdrawal has also hit the space community[33] hard. Following his nomination, Isaacman won the support of many in the space industry and in government. His confirmation hearing[34] in April was largely uncontentious, with support from[35] both Republicans and Democrats.
NASA will now need to wait for the president to make a new choice for NASA administrator. That person will then need to go through the same process as Isaacman, with a hearing in the Senate and several votes.
Given the amount of time it takes for nominations to make their way through the Senate, NASA is likely to face several more months without a confirmed administrator. This absence will come while many of its programs will be fighting for money and their existence.
The months ahead
Like many federal agencies right now, NASA faces a tumultuous future. Budgetary and leadership challenges might be the immediate problem, but NASA’s long-term future is potentially rocky as well.
Since its founding, NASA’s mission has been largely centered[36] on sending humans to space.
If that role shifts to commercial companies, NASA will need to grapple with what its identity and mission is going forward.
History provides some insight. One of NASA’s forerunners, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics[37], or NACA, largely focused on advanced research and development of aeronautical technologies. For instance, NACA researched[38] things such as proper engine placement on airliners as well as advances that helped air flow more efficiently over those engines.
A new NASA that’s more similar to NACA might continue research into nuclear engines[39] or other advanced space technology that may contribute to the work commercial space companies are already doing.
Choices made by the Trump administration and Congress in the coming months will likely shape what NASA will look like in the years to come. Until then, NASA, like many government organizations, faces a period of uncertainty about its future.
References
- ^ significant budget (spacenews.com)
- ^ nomination of Jared Isaacman (www.nytimes.com)
- ^ NASA administrator (theconversation.com)
- ^ space policy expert (wendywhitmancobb.space)
- ^ competition in space exploration (www.cfr.org)
- ^ budget proposal (www.space.com)
- ^ smallest budget (spacenews.com)
- ^ largest targets (spacenews.com)
- ^ Mars Sample Return (www.scientificamerican.com)
- ^ Mars Odyssey (www.jpl.nasa.gov)
- ^ MAVEN (science.nasa.gov)
- ^ missions to Venus (www.forbes.com)
- ^ astrophysics programs (spacenews.com)
- ^ budget proposes (spacenews.com)
- ^ Space Launch System (www.nasa.gov)
- ^ Orion crew vehicle (theconversation.com)
- ^ Lunar Gateway (www.nasa.gov)
- ^ Artemis III (www.nasa.gov)
- ^ Lunar Gateway (www.nasa.gov)
- ^ budget proposes (spacenews.com)
- ^ Blue Origin’s New Glenn (theconversation.com)
- ^ SpaceX’s Starship (theconversation.com)
- ^ put Americans (theconversation.com)
- ^ NASA, ESA, Zolt G. Levay (STScI) (webbtelescope.org)
- ^ budget proposal suggests (spacenews.com)
- ^ criticized the cuts (spacenews.com)
- ^ extinction level event (www.planetary.org)
- ^ quick to push back (spacenews.com)
- ^ my research (doi.org)
- ^ withdraw his nomination (www.nytimes.com)
- ^ AP Photo/John Raoux, File (newsroom.ap.org)
- ^ Truth Social post (www.cbsnews.com)
- ^ hit the space community (spacepolicyonline.com)
- ^ confirmation hearing (theconversation.com)
- ^ support from (arstechnica.com)
- ^ largely centered (www.press.jhu.edu)
- ^ National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (www.nasa.gov)
- ^ NACA researched (airandspace.si.edu)
- ^ nuclear engines (theconversation.com)
Authors: Wendy Whitman Cobb, Professor of Strategy and Security Studies, Air University
