Offensive names dot the American street map − a new app provides a way to track them

Confederate Lane tops the list of the most unpopular street names in the Mosby Woods neighborhood in Fairfax, Va. Photo by Michael S. Williamson/The Washington Post via Getty Images^[18]

Recognizing that names can harm and heal

There is growing public recognition that place names are not neutral identifiers of locations. Rather, place names can transmit harmful messages that misrepresent the history and identity of minority communities. As a result, they work against the possibility of a more equal society.

One highly publicized effort at identifying and replacing offensive place names happened in November 2021.

U.S. Interior Secretary Deb Haaland, the first Native American to hold that post, ordered the removal of the word “squaw,”^[19] hereafter called “sq—,” from the names of 650 mountains, rivers and other sites on federal lands. Haaland’s order capped many years of demands from Native American groups to eradicate the racist and sexist label^[20].

Then, in 2022, Haaland established the Advisory Committee^[21] on Reconciliation in Place Names, comprising members from tribal nations, Native Hawaiian organizations and scholars. Its guiding principles^[22] call on the U.S. to recognize the historical role of racism and sexism in naming places. They also highlight how those in power have used names to disrespect, misrepresent and control certain groups that have been historically discriminated against.

Drawing from public comments over two years, the committee found that derogatory place names are a source of recurring trauma^[23] for groups that have been historically discriminated against. As one Native American community leader told^[24] the committee, “Names matter, as they can build or break a relationship with the land and have the power to uplift or marginalize communities.”

Similarly, a 2022 report^[25] by the National Association of Tribal Historic Preservation Officers and the Wilderness Society found derogatory place names can create an unwelcoming environment that some people avoid. Additionally, a 2022 study by Emory University^[26] found that homes on streets named for pro-slavery Confederate figures sell for less^[27] and take longer to sell than comparable houses on nearby roads.

Renaming roads serves as an important moment of community reconciliation. That’s because the frequent use of offensive street names exacts a hefty social and psychological toll^[28] on marginalized communities, according to the cultural historian Deirdre Mask^[29].

When hurtful names are removed from roads, some members of oppressed communities describe how the spirit or feeling of places can change and allow healing^[30] to begin.

The difference an audit makes

The Interior Department committee suggests that efforts to change offensive names should be driven by research^[31]. It encourages local residents to identify where derogatory place names exist, when and how they were named, and how those names can harm the well-being of community members.

Data scientist Catherine D’Ignazio^[32] and her team at the Data + Feminism Lab^[33] agree. They call for conducting audits^[34] that collect and visualize data on unjust names, to challenge the damaging effects and abuses of power behind these symbols.

The newly released street names app from STNAMES LAB allows people to do that. Fed with Open Street Map^[35] data, it lets users carry out queries, as well as map and download streets containing certain terms.

Once users enter a name, they can check the specific location of named roads on a map. They can also download query results as a spreadsheet to get the full list of streets.

The app offers an easy visualization of the frequency and geographic distribution of names. You can see whether the name is found across the nation or concentrated in a specific region.

Demonstrating the app

To illustrate the app’s capabilities, we searched for names that have sparked public controversy.

Federal condemnation of “sq—” as a place name does not mean that local authorities will follow suit, even if some cities^[36] and states^[37] are already doing so. We found 429 streets scattered across 47 states with a name containing the word “sq—.”

Although “sq—” originated in the Algonquian language, European settlers corrupted and misused the word in reducing Native American women to a simplistic and sexualized image. Being called “sq—” is still a painful daily reality^[38] for Indigenous women. Many of them say the term injures their self-image and sense of belonging.

Map of U.S. roads named ‘sq—’ from the street names app. https://en.stnameslab.com/the-project/^[39]

The street name app exposes other racist Native American stereotypes. Variations of “redman/men” and “redskin^[40]” appear on 211 roads.

“Redskin” is a portrayal of Native Americans as warlike and dangerous. According to Native writer Angelina Newsome^[41], colonialists often used it interchangeably with “savage.”

We found 415 roads in 46 states using the word “savage” in their name.

Though references to “redman” and “redskin” have long shown up in consumer products^[42] and sports team mascots^[43], many Native groups challenge these stereotypes as demeaning.

Map of roads named ‘redman,’ ‘redmen’ or ‘redskin’ from the street names app. https://en.stnameslab.com/the-project/^[44]

Searching for offensive street names across the country is about more than simply collecting information. Data and maps can be part of the process of expanding one’s sphere of awareness and caring for people living with unjust naming practices.

Tracking and visualizing these inequalities is key to developing the “civic imagination^[45]” that scholar Catherine D'Ignazio believes is necessary to imagine and call for more inclusive alternatives to the current American landscape of names.

What is at stake is not just removing insulting names in and of themselves, but ensuring that the places marked by these names feel more welcoming and respectful of all Americans.

Authors: Derek H. Alderman, Professor of Geography, University of Tennessee

Read more https://theconversation.com/offensive-names-dot-the-american-street-map-a-new-app-provides-a-way-to-track-them-234251

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