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How the 9/11 terrorist attacks shaped ICE’s immigration strategy

  • Written by Pawan Dhingra, Professor of U.S. Immigration Studies, Amherst College
How the 9/11 terrorist attacks shaped ICE’s immigration strategyTear gas fills the air in south Minneapolis on Jan. 24, 2026, after federal agents fatally shot Alex Pretti.Aaron Lavinsky/The Minnesota Star Tribune

Stephen Miller’s January 2026 announcement to Immigration and Customs Enforcement officers – telling them that they have “immunity to perform your duties” and that no...

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