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Twelver Shiism – a branch of Islam that serves both as a spiritual and political force in Iran and beyond

  • Written by Massumeh H. Toosi, PhD Student in Philanthropic Studies, Indiana University
Twelver Shiism – a branch of Islam that serves both as a spiritual and political force in Iran and beyondIranian Shiite mourners during Ashura, the 10th day of Muharram, on July 6, 2025, in Tehran. Photo by Majid Saeedi/Getty Images

Twelver Shiism is the largest branch within Shiism – one of the two major sects within Islam. Shiism is the second-largest tradition within Islam overall, following the Sunni tradition.

Iran is the only country to...

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